4 research outputs found
Technology Assessment of eVTOL Personal Air Transportation System
This thesis intended to provide a holistic vision on the potential consequences of the introduction
of emerging electrical Vertical Takeoff and Landing (e VTOL) Personal Air Transportation System
(PATS) to contribute to the forming of public and policy opinion, and to assess the impacts and the
feasibility of that. Instead of looking from a detailed vehicle design viewpoint, we tried to understand
the need, the impacts, and the perceptions and the concerns of stakeholders. Thus, it was set a framework
and methodology starting with a technology assessment point of view in the light of transportation
system analysis. Limitations of the current ground and airline transportation systems, increasing
congestion, poor block speed, combined with expanding population and demand for affordable on-
demand mobility are driving the development of future transportation technology and policy. The third
wave of aeronautics might be the answer and could bring about great new capabilities for society that
would bring aviation into a new age of being relevant in daily lives since eVTOL PATS is envisioned
as the next logical step in the natural progression in the history of disruptive transportation system
innovations. However, there are a lot of questions. Although there was difficulty since the system was
an emerging air transportation mode, an interdisciplinary study has been conducted to assess the impacts
of developing such a capability. The research questions were determined to address the research
objectives. What is the current state of mobility and eVTOL air transportation mode? What are the
potential benefits of eVTOL air transportation mode for user and society? What are the perceptions of
service providers, regulator, and user? What are the main challenges including technology, regulation,
operation, social and environment aspects to enable the system? What are the enabling technologies?
Nevertheless, with the results obtained lately from the research activities, revolutionary technologies
and regulations are bringing us closer to eVTOL PATS reality every day. It can be argued that a new
socio-technical transition will come about like the transition from horse drawn carriers to cars. Even if
it is still a long way to go, it seems rather likely that the time has been arriving in the next decade. Their
existence and operation would therefore need to be taken into consideration for today’s planning
considerations and construction projects to be able to have this emerging air transportation mode
available in the future. As the technology underlying eVTOL PATS evolves, wider eVTOL adoption
across various markets is likely to be supported further if a set of key challenges such as safety and
security, ease of use and autonomy, noise, infrastructure, and air traffic management are overcome.
Achieving drastic improvements in ease of use, safety and community acceptable noise are the most
critical steps towards the future feasibility of this market. Multi-use demos and demonstrating successful
operation with early vehicles, namely eVTOL PATS prototype field operations, will create public
acceptance and understanding of potentials in emerging air transportation mode for public good, use and
learn in multiple applications. The overall perception of the user, service provider and regulator are
positive, and the support is high. Shortly, a successful implementation and sustainable transition will
depend on overcoming technological hurdles, regulatory frameworks, operational safety, cost
competitiveness, and sensibilities of the affected communities. There is a need to enable people and
goods to have the convenience of on-demand, point-to-point safe travel, further, anywhere in less travel
time, through a network of pocket airports/vertiports, and there is a significant potential benefit so that
policy makers, regulators and metropoles’ transportation planning departments should consider an
inclusion of eVTOL air transportation mode into the scenarios and policies of the future.Esta tese pretende fornecer uma visão holística sobre as potenciais consequências da introdução do
Sistema de Transporte Aéreo Pessoal (PATS) de Decolagem e Pouso Vertical elétrico emergente (e
VTOL) para contribuir para a formação de opinião pública e política, e para avaliar os impactos e a
viabilidade disso. Em vez de olhar de um ponto de vista detalhado o projeto do veículo, tentamos
entender a necessidade, os impactos, as percepções e as preocupações das partes interessadas. Assim,
foi definido um quadro e uma metodologia partindo de um ponto de vista de avaliação de tecnologia à
luz da análise do sistema de transporte. As limitações dos atuais sistemas de transporte terrestre e aéreo,
o aumento do congestionamento, a baixa velocidade do tráfego, combinados com a expansão da
população e a mobilidade com procura acessível estão impulsionando o desenvolvimento de futuras
tecnologias e políticas de transporte. A terceira onda da aeronáutica pode ser a resposta e pode trazer
grandes novas capacidades para a sociedade que trariam a aviação para uma nova era de ser relevante
na vida cotidiana, uma vez que o VTOL PATS é visto como o próximo passo lógico na progressão
natural na história das inovações disruptivas do sistema de transporte. No entanto, há muitas perguntas.
Embora tenha havido dificuldade por se tratar de um modo de transporte aéreo emergente, um estudo
interdisciplinar foi realizado para avaliar os impactos do desenvolvimento de tal capacidade. As questões
de investigação foram determinadas para atender aos objetivos do projeto. Qual é o estado atual da
mobilidade e do modo de transporte aéreo eVTOL? Quais são os benefícios potenciais do modo de
transporte aéreo eVTOL para o utilizador e a sociedade? Quais são as percepções dos provedores de
serviços, regulador e utilizador? Quais são os principais desafios, incluindo tecnologia, regulamentação,
operação, aspectos sociais e ambientais para habilitar o sistema? Quais são as tecnologias facilitadoras?
No entanto, com os resultados obtidos ultimamente nas atividades de pesquisa, tecnologias e
regulamentações revolucionárias estão nos aproximando cada dia mais da realidade do VTOL PATS.
Pode-se argumentar que uma nova transição sócio-técnica ocorrerá como a transição de carruagens
puxadas por cavalos para automóveis. Mesmo que ainda seja um longo caminho a percorrer, parece
bastante provável que a hora esteja chegando na próxima década. A sua existência e operação, portanto,
precisam ser levadas em consideração para as questões de planeamento e projetos de construção de hoje
para poder ter esse modo de transporte aéreo emergente disponível no futuro. À medida que a tecnologia
subjacente ao eVTOL PATS evolui, é provável que a adoção mais ampla do eVTOL em vários mercados
seja ainda mais apoiada se um conjunto de desafios importantes, como segurança e proteção, facilidade
de uso e autonomia, ruído, infraestrutura e gestão de tráfego aéreo forem superados. Alcançar melhorias
drásticas na facilidade de uso, segurança e ruído aceitável pela comunidade são os passos mais críticos
para a viabilidade futura deste mercado. Demonstrações multi-uso e demonstração de operação bem-
sucedida com veículos iniciais, ou seja, operações de campo do protótipo eVTOL PATS, criarão
aceitação pública e compreensão dos potenciais no modo de transporte aéreo emergente para o bem
público, uso e aprendizado em várias aplicações. A percepção geral do utilizador, prestador de serviço
e regulador é positiva, e o suporte é alto. Uma implementação bem-sucedida e uma transição sustentável
dependerá da superação de obstáculos tecnológicos, estruturas regulatórias, segurança operacional,
competitividade de custos e sensibilidade das comunidades afetadas. Há uma necessidade de permitir
que pessoas e mercadorias tenham a conveniência de viagens seguras de que necessitam, ponto a ponto,
e além disso, em qualquer lugar em menos tempo de viagem. Isso pode ser feito por meio de uma rede
de aeroportos/vertiports, e há um benefício potencial significativo para que os formuladores de políticas,
reguladores e departamentos de planeamento de transporte das grandes metrópoles considerem a
inclusão do modo de transporte aéreo eVTOL nos cenários e políticas do futuro
Do social factors matter for innovation, and do they influence innovation in Aeronautics Industry?
Based on the report for the course on “Social Factors of Innovation” of the PhD Program on Technology Assessment, supervised by Prof. António Brandão Moniz, Monte de Caparica, University NOVA Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, July 2013As innovation plays an important role in economic growth and development, it is necessary to understand the factors, especially the social factors, which determine the differences in innovation intensity across countries and regions. However, since they are out of scope, the R&D investments and human capital will not be covered in detail in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between social factors and innovation generally and the case of Aeronautics Industry (AI). This paper analysed the influence of social factors on innovation activity and tried to understand the effect in AI. First, the theoretical background concerning innovation, and the social factors were introduced. Then, with an overview of the AIs in Europe and Turkey, the influence of different dimensions of social factors on determinants of innovation in AI was discussed. I have used secondary data sources published by academics and international organizations.António Brandão Moniz (FCT-UNL) and Michael Decker (ITAS-KIT
The positive impacts (potential benefits)
UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020This paper intended to provide a vision on the potential consequences of the introduction of emerging air transportation system which was based on a section of the thesis to contribute to the forming of public and policy opinion.Especially this paper tried to understand whether there were enough positive social and environmental impacts in terms of potential benefits to continue the efforts.The negative impacts are beyond the scope of this paper. Limitations of the current ground and airline transportation systems, increasing congestion, poor block speed, combined with expanding population and demand for affordable on-demand mobility are driving the development of future transportation technology and policy. The third wave of aeronautic,e VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and landing) Air Transportation System, is envisioned as the next logical step in the natural progression and could bring about great new capabilities for society that would bring aviation into a new age of being relevant in daily lives. Considering door to door block time, e VTOL Air Transportation System has the potential to achieve anotherfive-fold increase over the auto today as the auto provided ten-fold increase over the horse, and a daily mobility reach of 125 to 250 miles.The main benefits will be on-demand, point-to-point,safe travel, further and anywhere in less travel time with almost zero environmental impact for general people. Besides, a successful implementation and sustainable transition will depend on overcoming technological hurdles, regulatory frameworks, operational safety, cost competitiveness, and sensibilities of the affected communities.publishersversionpublishe
Askeri yenilik :
This thesis represents an attempt to explore critical issues in the national military literature and bring up findings for further studies by exploring military innovation,smart management of defense R&D, critical and dual-use technologies concepts in detail. The study has two main components. The first part provides a conceptual and theoretical framework to discuss and understand military innovation, critical technology and dual-use technology. A military that fails to innovate when their contemporaries are innovating is destined to face its dire consequences. So the quest for change within military organizations is a rational and hopefully encouraged behavior. In this thesis the modes of innovation are at the center stage. However, the main intention focus is on technological innovation. As certain technologies are at the core of decisive military innovation, the initial step in innovation is normally to procure the new technology. A country that must purchase technology from abroad is arguably less likely to wield it as effectively as the country that is capable of inventing or manufacturing it, as the latter is usually better equipped to exploit and further refine technology. In order to insure the flow of technological innovations, a sound technology investment strategy must be formulated. A strategy built on a foundation of three integrated building blocks (optimal in-house R&D, expanded collaborative efforts, and smart outsourcing) will enable the military to be an effective smart buyer and smart provider. The thesis proceeds with a brief discussion of critical technologies, specifically the ones that are critical for military and national importance, in order to provide guidance for identifying which technologies harbor the greatest payoff potential. Closely related to this discussion is the question of national economic growth based on technologicalM.S. - Master of Scienc